More than 1000 motor axon reflexes (ARs) have been studied. The AR often has a long latency and the first excited branch almost always has the fastest conduction velocity. Sometimes the potentials of the two branches are recorded at the same needle placement, giving the appearance in the EMG tracing of a coupling discharge. Stimulation of the axons in the muscle produces more ARs than stimulation of the nerve trunk. ARs are recorded in denervated muscles but never in normal subjects. All kinds of lower motor neuron lesions produce ARs. They are more frequent in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies where the axonal lesions are mainly located at the traditional sites of entrapment. The possibility of neurolysis in some of these cases has to be considered. Obstetrical brachial plexus palsies furnish many ARs linking two muscles, thus explaining the associated contractions in these cases.