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To assess the current status and risks of both open and closed cardiac procedures for congenital heart disease in patients under the age of 2 years, we reviewed all cardiac catheterizations and cardiac operations done from January, 1974, through December, 1977, at The Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. In this interval 370 patients under 2 years of age were catheterized. Eighty open procedures were performed in patients under 2 years of age, with seven hospital deaths. One hundred twenty-four closed heart procedures were performed on children under the age of 2 years, with eight deaths, for a hospital mortality rate of 6.5 percent. This review of consecutive cases over a 4 year period suggests that the judicious application of palliation or open repair using current techniques can lead to an overall mortality rate of between 6 and 7 percent for both open and closed heart procedures in children under 2 years of age. Since all deaths except one in the open-heart group occurred in patients with the most complex multiple defects, it seems reasonable to suggest that improved intraoperative and postoperative techniques have lowered the time for repair of straightforward congenital heart defects to under 2 years of age.
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
January 1977,
Bollettino della Societa italiana di cardiologia,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
January 1964,
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
November 2021,
The Journal of laryngology and otology,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
June 1946,
Pediatria de las Americas,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
October 1984,
Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
January 2013,
Toxins,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
December 2020,
Current pain and headache reports,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
January 1972,
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
February 1969,
Pediatric clinics of North America,
P B Mansfield, and
D G Hall, and
E A Rittenhouse, and
L R Sauvage, and
S J Stamm, and
P S Herndon, and
E C Furman
March 2008,
Journal of renal care,
