Electrical stimulation of two respiratory afferent nerves, the vagus and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal, was used to terminate inspiration. The short latency responses of phrenic motoneurones to these stimuli were studied to determine if inspiratory termination was preceded by a characteristic phrenic motoneurone discharge pattern, reflecting changes in brainstem inspiratory neurone discharge and inspiratory terminating mechanisms. Stimulus trains of sufficient intensity delivered to the superior laryngeal nerve terminated inspiration within 50 ms and were preceded by a stereotyped pattern of phrenic motoneurone discharge. This consisted of a short latency (disynaptic), predominantly contralateral excitation in response to the first shock of the train, followed by a marked and long lasting inhibition. In contrast, vagal stimulation typically terminated inspiration hundreds of milliseconds after the onset of the stimulus train and was not preceded by a stereotyped pattern of phrenic motoneurone responses to single shocks. Transient short latency responses were obtained but were extremely small, requiring considerable excitation followed by a moderate bilateral depression of activity. Inspiration could be terminated with or without the presence of these short latency responses. These results indicate that superior laryngeal and vagal (presumably pulmonary stretch receptor) afferents have different projections to brainstem inspiratory neurones and may exert their effects on inspiratory duration through different, but as yet undefined, neural mechanisms.