Oral phenytoin loading in adults: rapid achievement of therapeutic plasma levels. 1979

K E Record, and R P Rapp, and A B Young, and H B Kostenbauder

Oral loading doses of phenytoin were estimated from a simplified pharmacokinetic model. Twenty patients were administered a calculated average dose of 19.1 mg per kilogram of phenytoin divided into two to four increments given over 3 to 21 hours (10.55 +/- 4.74, mean +/- SD). Plasma samples drawn 2 to 22 hours (10.75 +/- 4.32, mean +/- SD) after completion of the loading dose resulted in therapeutic levels ranging from 8.1 to 18.0 microgram per milliliter (11.42-11.37 +/- 2.41, mean +/- SD). Thus, this regimen in which no increment of the loading dose exceeds 600 mg is sufficient to achieve and maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations 18 to 24 hours after initiation of the loading dose.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010672 Phenytoin An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. Diphenylhydantoin,Fenitoin,Phenhydan,5,5-Diphenylhydantoin,5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione,Antisacer,Difenin,Dihydan,Dilantin,Epamin,Epanutin,Hydantol,Phenytoin Sodium,Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate,Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly

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