A new factor VII abnormality is presented. The propositus was a 9-yr-old child who presented a mild bleeding tendency characterized by epistaxis and easy bruising. The parents were not consanguineous, but they came from the same area. The laboratory features were mild prolongation of prothrombin time and P.P. test and normal partial thromboplastin and Stypven cephalin clotting times. The Thrombotest was moderately prolonged. Factor VII was 40%-50% of normal using rabbit or human brain thromboplastin, but only 13%-24% using ox brain thromboplastin. Factor VII cross-reacting material (CRM) was about 50% of normal. The father, a paternal aunt, and a paternal cousin showed similar clinical and laboratory findings. The brother of the propositus, the mother, and other members of her family showed about 50% factor VII activity and CRM and were considered to be heterozygotes for true factor VII deficiency. Similar findings were also present in the father and in the brother of the affected cousin. The defect in the propositus seems to consist of a double heterozygosity between abnormal factor VII and heterozygous factor VII true deficiency. The factor VII abnormality appears to consist of abnormal reactivity toward ox brain tissue thromboplastins and appears to be different from previously described factor VII abnormalities. The name factor VII Paudua2 is proposed for this condition.