Biomaterial Database

Immunity to influenza in ferrets. V. Immunization with inactivated virus in adjuvant 65. 1973

C W Potter, and C McLaren, and S L Shore

Ferrets infected with influenza virus A2/Hong Kong/3/68 responded with a febrile reaction; the temperature was elevated by 1.0 degrees C. or greater to a level of 40 degrees C. or more. In addition, relatively high titres of virus were recovered from nasal washings taken 3 days after virus infection, serum antibody was produced, increased nasal protein was detected and nasal washings contained both HI and neutralizing antibody. Of four ferrets immunized with 400 CCA units of inactivated influenza virus A2/Aichi/2/68 in saline, only one produced detectable serum HI antibody, and none produced detectable nasal antibody. These ferrets were subsequently found to be susceptible to intranasal infection with influenza virus A2/Hong Kong/3/68. Thus, the temperature response, the titre of virus recovered from nasal washings and the serum HI antibody response found after virus infection was similar to that found after infection of non-immunized ferrets. However, the increase in protein concentration and the titre of HI and neutralizing antibody found in nasal washings after virus infection was detectably less than that found after virus infection of non-immunized ferrets.Four ferrets were immunized with 400 CCA units of inactivated A2/Aichi/2/68 virus in adjuvant 65, and these ferrets produced relatively high titres of serum HI antibody but no detectable nasal antibody. After subsequent virus infection with influenza virus A2/Hong Kong/3/68, these ferrets showed a modified temperature response, reduced titres of virus in nasal washings compared to that found in nasal washings from non-immunized ferrets, no increase in nasal protein and no detectable nasal HI antibody. Thus, immunization with inactivated virus in adjuvant 65 resulted in a significant modification of the response of ferrets to challenge virus; however, the immunity was not complete, and appreciably less than that found after infection with live homologous virus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007109	Immunity	Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.	Immune Process,Immune Response,Immune Processes,Immune Responses,Process, Immune,Response, Immune
D007114	Immunization	Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).	Immunologic Stimulation,Immunostimulation,Sensitization, Immunologic,Variolation,Immunologic Sensitization,Immunological Stimulation,Sensitization, Immunological,Stimulation, Immunologic,Immunizations,Immunological Sensitization,Immunological Sensitizations,Immunological Stimulations,Sensitizations, Immunological,Stimulation, Immunological,Stimulations, Immunological,Variolations
D009297	Nasal Mucosa	The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.	Nasal Epithelium,Schneiderian Membrane,Epithelium, Nasal,Membrane, Schneiderian,Mucosa, Nasal
D009500	Neutralization Tests	The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).	Neutralization Test,Test, Neutralization,Tests, Neutralization
D009976	Orthomyxoviridae Infections	Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	Orthomyxovirus Infections,Infections, Orthomyxoviridae,Infections, Orthomyxovirus,Swine Influenza,Infection, Orthomyxoviridae,Infection, Orthomyxovirus,Influenza, Swine,Orthomyxoviridae Infection,Orthomyxovirus Infection
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D002335	Carnivora	An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores CANIFORMIA.
D005334	Fever	An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	Pyrexia,Fevers,Pyrexias
D006385	Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests	Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.	Hemagglutination Inhibition Test,Inhibition Test, Hemagglutination,Inhibition Tests, Hemagglutination,Test, Hemagglutination Inhibition,Tests, Hemagglutination Inhibition
D000276	Adjuvants, Immunologic	Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.	Immunoactivators,Immunoadjuvant,Immunoadjuvants,Immunologic Adjuvant,Immunopotentiator,Immunopotentiators,Immunostimulant,Immunostimulants,Adjuvant, Immunologic,Adjuvants, Immunological,Immunologic Adjuvants,Immunological Adjuvant,Adjuvant, Immunological,Immunological Adjuvants