Biomaterial Database

Extracellular esterases of group A streptococci. 1973

S Hayano, and A Tanaka

Methods were devised to prepare and estimate quantitatively the extracellular esterases of group A streptococci (STE). Two types of esterase preparations were prepared, corresponding to Stock and Lynn's serotype I (STE I) and II (STE II). The former was prepared from Streptococcus pyogenes strain SS379 (group A, type 40), and the latter from S. pyogenes strain 69882 (group A, type 49). Effects of cupric acetate, sera of various animals, and rabbit antisera to STE I and II on the activities of STE were tested. Cupric acetate added in substrate solution inhibited the activities of STE according to the concentration of cupric acetate. Sera of various animals (calf, guinea pig, horse, sheep, and pig) stimulated the activities of STE and protected them from the inhibitory effect of cupric acetate. Among the sera of various animals, horse serum gave the most potent activating and protecting effect, and was the serum from which the effective factor (horse serum-activating factor, HAF) was extracted by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. STE I was not stimulated by serum or HAF as markedly as STE II, but both enzymes were protected likewise by serum or HAF from the inhibition of cupric acetate. Antibodies to STE I and II were prepared in rabbits. Their effects on STE resembled that of HAF, but differed from the latter in immunological specificity. Activities of STE were stimulated and protected more markedly by homologous antiserum than by heterologous antiserum or normal rabbit serum. Applying suitable conditions, we defined the potency of STE and differentiated antibodies to STE I and II and normal serum quantitatively.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007106	Immune Sera	Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.	Antisera,Immune Serums,Sera, Immune,Serums, Immune
D008722	Methods	A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.	Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D011817	Rabbits	A burrowing plant-eating mammal with hind limbs that are longer than its fore limbs. It belongs to the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, and in contrast to hares, possesses 22 instead of 24 pairs of chromosomes.	Belgian Hare,New Zealand Rabbit,New Zealand Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbit,Rabbit,Rabbit, Domestic,Chinchilla Rabbits,NZW Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus,Chinchilla Rabbit,Domestic Rabbit,Domestic Rabbits,Hare, Belgian,NZW Rabbit,Rabbit, Chinchilla,Rabbit, NZW,Rabbit, New Zealand,Rabbits, Chinchilla,Rabbits, Domestic,Rabbits, NZW,Rabbits, New Zealand,Zealand Rabbit, New,Zealand Rabbits, New,cuniculus, Oryctolagus
D003300	Copper	A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.	Copper-63,Copper 63
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations
D004950	Esterases	Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of an ester bond and result in the addition of water to the resulting molecules.	Esterase
D006736	Horses	Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.	Equus caballus,Equus przewalskii,Horse, Domestic,Domestic Horse,Domestic Horses,Horse,Horses, Domestic
D000085	Acetates	Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.	Acetate,Acetic Acid Esters,Acetic Acids,Acids, Acetic,Esters, Acetic Acid
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013045	Species Specificity	The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.	Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species