Biomaterial Database

Myocardial respiration and edema following hypothermic cardioplegia and anoxic arrest. 1979

M Sunamori, and C E Harrison

The effects of 1 and 2 hours of hypothermic anoxic arrest and cardioplegia induced by Mg-lidocaine, K-Mg, or K on left ventricular mitochondrial respiratory function, blood flow, and edema were studied in 41 mongrel dogs. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by the indices of oxidative phosphorylation. Myocardial temperature recorded in ventricular septum was kept at 20 degrees C during ischemic arrest and 10 minutes of reperfusion. Cardioplegic solutions did not influence noncoronary blood flow during cross-clamping of the aorta. Mitochondrial respiratory function remained at control levels after 1 hour of ischemia induced by hypothermic anoxic arrest or by Mg-lidocaine or K-Mg hypothermic cardioplegia. Mitochondrial state 3 respiration after 2 hours of anoxic arrest was significantly higher in Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia than in anoxic arrest (p less than 0.05), but myocardial edema was equivalent in both groups. Mg in the cardioplegic solution suppressed mitochondrial nonphosphorylating oxygen consumption. These data suggest that mitochondrial function after 1 hour of ischemic arrest at 20 degrees C and 10 minutes of reperfusion is not significantly depressed, but at 2 hours of ischemic arrest, mitochondrial respiration is significantly impaired. However, hypothermic Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia appears to be more effective in sustaining myocardial respiration than does simple hypothermic anoxic arrest when the anoxic period is extended to 2 hours.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007036	Hypothermia, Induced	Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.	Induced Hypothermia,Mild Hypothermia, Induced,Moderate Hypothermia, Induced,Targeted Temperature Management,Therapeutic Hypothermia,Hypothermia, Therapeutic,Induced Mild Hypothermia,Induced Mild Hypothermias,Induced Moderate Hypothermia,Induced Moderate Hypothermias,Mild Hypothermias, Induced,Moderate Hypothermias, Induced,Targeted Temperature Managements
D008012	Lidocaine	A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.	Lignocaine,2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)Acetamide,2-2EtN-2MePhAcN,Dalcaine,Lidocaine Carbonate,Lidocaine Carbonate (2:1),Lidocaine Hydrocarbonate,Lidocaine Hydrochloride,Lidocaine Monoacetate,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate,Lidocaine Sulfate (1:1),Octocaine,Xylesthesin,Xylocaine,Xylocitin,Xyloneural
D008274	Magnesium	A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D008929	Mitochondria, Heart	The mitochondria of the myocardium.	Heart Mitochondria,Myocardial Mitochondria,Mitochondrion, Heart,Heart Mitochondrion,Mitochondria, Myocardial
D009206	Myocardium	The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.	Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D010085	Oxidative Phosphorylation	Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.	Phosphorylation, Oxidative,Oxidative Phosphorylations,Phosphorylations, Oxidative
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011188	Potassium	An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D004489	Edema, Cardiac	Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).	Cardiac Edema,Cardiac Edemas,Edemas, Cardiac