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Reverse nitrogen gradients in the study of phase III and cardiogenic oscillations of the single-breath nitrogen test. 1979

Y Cormier, and W Mitzner, and H Menkes

The slope of phase III, phase IV, the slope of phase IV, and cardiac oscillations were measured on tracings obtained by both the regular single-breath N2 test (Tech I) and by a reverse technique (Tech II) in 9 healthy volunteers. Tech II consisted of 3 consecutive vital capacities (VC) of 100% O2 followed by one VC of room air. Theoretically, this should create a reversed apicobasal N2 gradient quantitatively similar to that of Tech I. From the total lung capacity following the VC2 of air, we monitored N2 concentration continuously at the mouth during a slow expiration in a manner similar to that of the single-breath N2 test. With Tech II, it is possible to preserve phase IV and its reversed slope in the presence of an almost flat slope of phase III and markedly blunted cardiac oscillations. When compared to Tech I, the slope of phase III with Tech II decreased from 0.66+/-0.20% N2/L (mean +/-SD) to 0.19+/-0.12 (p is less than 0.001), and cardiac oscillations decreased from a mean % N2 change with each heart beat of 0.87+/-0.37 to 0.24+/-0.21 (p is less than 0.005), whereas phase IV, although reversed in direction, remained quantitatively unchanged (0.35+/-0.15 L with Tech I and 0.37+/-0.14 L with Tech II), and the slope of phase IV tended to increase (2.7+/-1.9% N2 with Tech I and 3.4+/-2.1% N2 with Tech II, p=NS). We conclude that the N2 gradients within the lungs responsible for the slope of phase III and cardiac oscillations are largely independent of the gradients that give rise to phase IV and the slope of phase IV.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008176 Lung Volume Measurements Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle. Lung Capacities,Lung Volumes,Capacity, Lung,Lung Capacity,Lung Volume,Lung Volume Measurement,Measurement, Lung Volume,Volume, Lung
D008297 Male Males
D008722 Methods A series of steps taken in order to conduct research. Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D009584 Nitrogen An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
D003011 Closing Volume The lung volume at which the dependent lung zones cease to ventilate presumably as a result of airway closure. Closing Volumes,Volume, Closing,Volumes, Closing
D005541 Forced Expiratory Volume Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity. Forced Vital Capacity, Timed,Timed Vital Capacity,Vital Capacity, Timed,FEVt,Capacities, Timed Vital,Capacity, Timed Vital,Expiratory Volume, Forced,Expiratory Volumes, Forced,Forced Expiratory Volumes,Timed Vital Capacities,Vital Capacities, Timed,Volume, Forced Expiratory,Volumes, Forced Expiratory
D006321 Heart The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. Hearts
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults

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