Biomaterial Database

The hyperglycaemic effect of morphine. 1972

W Feldberg, and S V Shaligram

1. In the unanaesthetized cat, an injection of 0.75 mg of morphine into a lateral cerebral ventricle produced strong hyperglycaemia; on intravenous injection, 10 to 30 times larger doses were required. Other effects produced with both injections were shivering, pupillary dilatation, opening of the eyes, miaowing, periods of excitation, and analgesia. Between the periods of excitation the cat did not react to objects moving in front of its eyes and it had a vacant stare.2. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) injected intraventricularly (250 mug, twice) depressed the hyperglycaemia due to intraventricular morphine, and noradrenaline also depressed the hyperglycaemia due to intravenous morphine. Adrenaline produced the strongest and 5-HT the weakest depression. 5-HT did not depress the other effects of morphine, but the catecholamines depressed most of them; only analgesia and the vacant stare appeared to be unaffected.3. Reserpine injected intraventricularly (0.5 mg, twice) greatly accentuated the hyperglycaemia as well as the other effects produced by intraventricular morphine, but pupillary dilatation and opening of the eyes no longer occurred; the protrusion of the nictitating membranes produced by the reserpine persisted.4. Pentobarbitone sodium injected intraperitoneally in an anaesthetizing dose practically abolished the morphine hyperglycaemia, but injected intraventricularly in a dose of a few milligrammes, it had a two fold effect: depression followed by enhancement of the morphine hyperglycaemia. The enhancement may be due to sensitization of the effect of the adrenaline released by morphine, since adrenaline hyperglycaemia was enhanced as well.5. Morphine did not seem to act on structures in the walls of either the lateral or third ventricle when producing its hyperglycaemic effect on intraventricular injection. The action may therefore be on more caudally situated parts of the neuro-axis, on the central grey, on structures in the floor of the fourth ventricle or of the lateral recesses, or even on structures near the ventral surface of the brain stem.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007275	Injections, Intravenous	Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.	Intravenous Injections,Injection, Intravenous,Intravenous Injection
D008297	Male		Males
D009020	Morphine	The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.	Morphine Sulfate,Duramorph,MS Contin,Morphia,Morphine Chloride,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Anhydrous,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Pentahydrate,Oramorph SR,SDZ 202-250,SDZ202-250,Chloride, Morphine,Contin, MS,SDZ 202 250,SDZ 202250,SDZ202 250,SDZ202250,Sulfate, Morphine
D009043	Motor Activity	Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.	Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D009638	Norepinephrine	Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.	Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D010424	Pentobarbital	A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)	Mebubarbital,Mebumal,Diabutal,Etaminal,Ethaminal,Nembutal,Pentobarbital Sodium,Pentobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Pentobarbitone,Sagatal,Monosodium Salt Pentobarbital
D012110	Reserpine	An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.	Raunervil,Raupasil,Rausedil,Rausedyl,Serpasil,Serpivite,V-Serp,V Serp
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D002404	Catheterization	Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.	Cannulation,Cannulations,Catheterizations
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat