Biomaterial Database

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of chickens subjected to infection and reinfection with Eimeria acervulina. 1979

B S Takhar, and D J Farrell

1. The effects of E. acervulina on energy and nitrogen metabolism were studied in respiration chambers on four groups of four broilers aged 16 d: group C was infected with 1.1 x 10(6) oocysts/bird on day 1 and fed ad libitum, while groups A, B and D were pair-fed to group C to day 16 of the experiment. On day 17, groups A and C were given 5.0 x 10(6) oocysts/bird and fed ad libitum, while group B was pair-fed to group A and group D was pair-fed to group C to the end of experiment on day 32. 2. Dietary ME as a proportion of gross energy (0.68) and N retention (42 g/100 g N intake) were reduced in the infected group C compared with pair-fed controls (0.75 and 49 g, respectively) for the period 1 to 16 d. Subsequent challenge of group C saw no effects on the two variables, but metabolisability (0.65) and N retention (33 g) were significantly reduced in group A when infected for the first time on day 17. 3. The daily heat production and food intake of group A infected for the first time with E. acervulina on day 17, and group B, their pair-fed controls, were reduced during days 20 to 25 but no such reductions were observed in group C, receiving a challenge dose of E. acervulina, and group D, non-infected pair-fed to group C. The efficiency of utilisation of ME for growth of groups C and D was 0.60 over the 17 to 32 d period. 4. Challenge of immune birds did not affect the apparent digestibility of total minerals, calcium and phosphorus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009584	Nitrogen	An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
D011201	Poultry Diseases	Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	Disease, Poultry,Diseases, Poultry,Poultry Disease
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002149	Energy Intake	Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.	Caloric Intake,Calorie Intake,Intake, Calorie,Intake, Energy
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D003048	Coccidiosis	Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.	Besnoitiasis,Besnoitiosis,Besnoitiases,Besnoitioses,Coccidioses
D004734	Energy Metabolism	The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.	Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia