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102 pacemakers have been implanted under local anesthesia. The electrodes have been introduced through the left vena cephalica and the pacemakers placed in the infraclavicular groove. Exchanged pacemakers have been put in the already existing cavity. The wounds have been closed by sutures consisting solely of polyglycolic acid. One hematoma and one infection have been observed. In 12% of the cases the electrode was introduced through the vena jugularis externa, owing to obstruction or unsuitable size of the vena cephalica. Reoperation was necessary in 3 cases due to dislocation of the electrode, and in one case due to the perforation of the ventricle caused by the electrode.
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
June 2019,
Journal of surgical case reports,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
October 1994,
Archivos espanoles de urologia,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
August 2009,
General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
February 1987,
The Urologic clinics of North America,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
January 1976,
Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
November 2014,
Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
October 2021,
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
December 1997,
Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
June 2019,
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
A Huber, and
L Kappenberger
May 1977,
Fortschritte der Medizin,
