Biomaterial Database

Pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in Microcyclus species. 1973

R H Kottel, and H D Raj

Radiorespirometric and enzymatic studies were conducted to determine primary and secondary pathways of carbohydrate catabolism in Microcyclus aquaticus and M. flavus. M. aquaticus catabolizes both glucose and gluconate mainly via the Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways with some concurrent participation of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. M. flavus, however, oxidizes glucose mainly via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and gluconate via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with some simultaneous operation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Both of the organisms showed evidence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as a secondary pathway for the oxidation of carbohydrates.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007521	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.	NAD Isocitrate Dehydrogenase,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NAD+),Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-I,Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate,Dehydrogenase, NAD Isocitrate,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, NAD
D008291	Malate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. EC 1.1.1.37.	Malic Dehydrogenase,NAD-Malate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Malate,Dehydrogenase, Malic,Dehydrogenase, NAD-Malate,NAD Malate Dehydrogenase
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D010734	Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 6-phospho-D-gluconate and NADP+ to yield D-ribulose 5-phosphate, carbon dioxide, and NADPH. The reaction is a step in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.1.1.43.	6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase,6 Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, 6-Phosphogluconate,Dehydrogenase, Phosphogluconate
D011773	Pyruvates	Derivatives of PYRUVIC ACID, including its salts and esters.
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002247	Carbon Isotopes	Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.	Carbon Isotope,Isotope, Carbon,Isotopes, Carbon
D002952	Citric Acid Cycle	A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.	Krebs Cycle,Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle,Citric Acid Cycles,Cycle, Citric Acid,Cycle, Krebs,Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid,Cycles, Citric Acid,Cycles, Tricarboxylic Acid,Tricarboxylic Acid Cycles
D005618	Fresh Water	Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.	Freshwater,Fresh Waters,Freshwaters,Water, Fresh,Waters, Fresh
D005634	Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase	An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme also acts on (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates. The yeast and bacterial enzymes are zinc proteins. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) E.C. 4.1.2.13.	Aldolase,Fructosediphosphate Aldolase,Aldolase A,Aldolase B,Aldolase C,Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase,Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase, Class II,Fructose 1-Phosphate Aldolase,Fructose Biphosphate Aldolase,Fructosemonophosphate Aldolase,1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase, Fructose,Aldolase, Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate,Aldolase, Fructose 1-Phosphate,Aldolase, Fructose Biphosphate,Aldolase, Fructose-Bisphosphate,Aldolase, Fructosediphosphate,Aldolase, Fructosemonophosphate,Fructose 1 Phosphate Aldolase,Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate Aldolase,Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase