Biomaterial Database

Latent effects on in vitro development following cytochalasin B treatment of 8-cell mouse embryos. 1979

N H Granholm, and G M Brenner, and J T Rector

Eight-cell mouse embryos when treated with 4.0 microgram/ml cytochalasin B (CB) in vitro undergo a reversible developmental arrest. Upon rinsing of embryos and subsequent culture in control medium, normal morphogenetic processes such as compaction of 8-cell embryos, cavitation, and post-blastocyst attachment and outgrowth are restored. However, the effects of CB on mouse embryos are not completely reversible; latent post-blastocyst defects become increasingly more prevalent as CB treatment duration increases. The present study was conducted to quantitatively determine latent effects of CB on post-blastocyst embryos by comparing their ability to attach and to sustain the growth and differentiation of ICM and trophoblast tissues. Groups of 8-cell embryos were cultured in Brinster's BMOC-3 medium containing 4.0 microgram/ml cytochalasin B for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. Following treatment, embryos were rinsed and cultured until 190 h post coitum (h.p.c.) in Eagle's MEM/10% fetal calf serum modified to contain optimal levels of essential amino acids. Blastocysts generally attached to the surface of the plastic substratum by 120 h.p.c. At selected time periods after attachment (130, 160, and 190 h.p.c.), embryos were scored for outgrowth size, ICM size, extent of peripheral hyaloplasmic fan, and number of trophoblast nuclei per outgrowth. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted for each of the four parameters listed above. Rates of attachment were analyzed by chi2 test. Results show that the treatments affect (P less than 0.01) embryo attachment, number of trophoblast nuclei per outgrowth, hyaloplasmic fan production, and ICM growth in a duration-dependent manner. Interestingly, since treatment effects on outgrowth areas are nonsignificant apparently CB does not significantly change total outgrowth area. But CB treatment does cause abnormal fan production and decreased trophoblast nuclei numbers. However, trophoblast cells are apparently more resistant than ICM to CB as is evident by the high incidence of trophoblast outgrowths devoid of ICM. CB (4.0 microgram/ml) treatments at 8-cell stages for relatively short durations (6 and 12 h) induce latent effects on post-blastocyst embryos. Finally, there exists a definite 4.0 microgram/ml CB duration response over the 68-190 h.p.c. observation interval.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009024	Morphogenesis	The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.
D002452	Cell Count	The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.	Cell Density,Cell Number,Cell Counts,Cell Densities,Cell Numbers,Count, Cell,Counts, Cell,Densities, Cell,Density, Cell,Number, Cell,Numbers, Cell
D002467	Cell Nucleus	Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Cell Nuclei,Nuclei, Cell,Nucleus, Cell
D003571	Cytochalasin B	A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.	Phomin
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004477	Ectogenesis	Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro.	Ectogeneses
D004622	Embryo, Mammalian	The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.	Embryonic Structures, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo,Mammalian Embryo Structures,Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Mammalian,Embryo Structures, Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Mammalian,Embryos, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo Structure,Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Mammalian Embryos,Structure, Mammalian Embryo,Structure, Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Mammalian Embryo,Structures, Mammalian Embryonic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014327	Trophoblasts	Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).	Cytotrophoblasts,Syncytiotrophoblasts,Trophoblast,Cytotrophoblast,Syncytiotrophoblast