Biomaterial Database

Biliary and urinary excretion of drug conjugates: effect of diuresis and choleresis on excretion of harmol sulphate and harmol glucuronide in the rat. 1979

J Jorritsma, and J H Meerman, and R J Vonk, and G J Mulder

1. Harmol (7-hydroxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4b] indole) is converted to harmol sulphate and harmol glucuronide in the rat in vivo. Harmol sulphate is excreted mainly in urine, while harmol glucuronide is excreted about equally in bile and urine, when harmol is given intravenously. 2. In rats with ligated kidneys, only choleresis produced by glycodehydrocholate and dehydrocholate caused enhanced biliary excretion of harmol sulphate; harmol glucuronide was unaffected. Several other bile salts had no effect. 3. Mannitol diuresis markedly increased urinary excretion of harmol sulphate, and decreased its biliary excretion. Harmol glucuronide was much less affected. 4. Nafenopin pretreatment increased liver weight and bile flow, and enhanced biliary excretion of harmol sulphate at the expense of its urinary excretion. 5. For harmol sulphate, urine and bile are compensatory pathways of elimination that can be influenced by urine and bile flow changes through diuresis and choleresis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008353	Mannitol	A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.	(L)-Mannitol,Osmitrol,Osmofundin
D009255	Nafenopin	A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.	CH-13437,Melipan,Nafenoic Acid,SU-13,437,Acid, Nafenoic,CH 13437,CH13437,SU 13,437,SU13,437
D002756	Cholagogues and Choleretics	Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).	Choleretics,Cholagogues,Cholagogues, Choleretics,Choleretics and Cholagogues,Hydrocholeretics
D004231	Diuresis	An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Diureses
D005965	Glucuronates	Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.	Glucosiduronates,Glucuronic Acids,Acids, Glucuronic
D006247	Harmine	Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.	9H-Pyrido(3,4-b)indole, 7-methoxy-1-methyl-,Banisterine,Leucoharmine,Telepathine,Yageine
D000470	Alkaloids	Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Alkaloid,Plant Alkaloid,Plant Alkaloids,Alkaloid, Plant,Alkaloids, Plant
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001646	Bile	An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.	Biliary Sludge,Sludge, Biliary