Glycogen is present in the rabbit retina in monoparticulate form. Beta particles ( approximately 229 A) are abundant in Müller cell cytoplasm, particularly in its inner portion, decreasing in number outwards along the cell. They are slightly larger ( approximately 250 A) and much scarcer in neurons, though regularly present in the juxtanuclear Golgi region of ganglion cells. When the retina was incubated in a glucose-free medium, it was rapidly depleted of native glycogen. On further incubation in medium containing glucose-(3)H plus unlabeled glucose, glycogen reappeared in the form of beta particles of the same size and distribution as native ones, while radioautography revealed the appearance of amylase-labile radioactivity in the same locations. This newly formed glycogen was not associated with any particular organelle. The rate of synthesis, as judged from the amount of radioactivity, was high in the inner portion of Müller cells and declined uniformly toward the cell outer end, following a logarithmic gradient. The rate of synthesis was low in ganglion cells, at best approaching values in the outer portion of Müller cells. The concentration of glycogen in the inner portion of Müller cells is consistent with the view that it may be the source of glucose for the anaerobic glycolysis prevailing in the inner retina.