Solubility determination of barely aqueous-soluble organic solids. 1979

T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting

Solubility determination of organic molecules having very low solubilities is hampered by such problems as slow equilibration during measurement, influence of impurities, and inherent heterogeneity in the energetic content of the crystalline solid. Three approaches to meeting these problems are presented. The first approach involves enhancing the dissolution rate by the addition of a water-immiscible solvent in which the organic solute is more soluble, thereby increasing the surface area available for dissolution. The second method is a combination of experimental data with a group contribution approach that allows the estimation of extremely insoluble solids. This approach involves measurement of the solubility in an organic solvent and calculation of the aqueous solubility from the estimated partition coefficient and the organic solvent data. The third approach is based on using a large excess of the solid and a highly specific analytical determination of the main component. The first two approaches were explored in detail and tested using norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, methyltestosterone, and methyltestosterone acetate.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008722 Methods A series of steps taken in order to conduct research. Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D012995 Solubility The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Solubilities
D013256 Steroids A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Steroid,Catatoxic Steroids,Steroids, Catatoxic
D014867 Water A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hydrogen Oxide

Related Publications

T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
January 1982, Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards (1977),
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
August 2002, Chemosphere,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
January 2001, Journal of chemical information and computer sciences,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
May 2005, Chemosphere,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
May 1977, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
April 2002, Pharmaceutical research,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
April 2007, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
April 1966, Clinical chemistry,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
February 2001, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences,
T Higuchi, and F M Shih, and T Kimura, and J H Rytting
March 2016, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems : an international journal sponsored by the Chemometrics Society,
Copied contents to your clipboard!