Biomaterial Database

Tissue resistance to insulin stimulation of amino acid uptake in acutely uremic rats. 1979

W C Arnold, and M A Holliday

Peripheral tissue resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake occurs in uremia. A similar resistance also may exist to insulin-mediated amino acid uptake. The present study examined the effect of insulin on the uptake or distribution ratios (DR) of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA) attained in the tissues of rats made acutely uremic by bilateral nephrectomy. Both uremic and control rats concentrated equally AIBA in the gastrocnemius muscle in the absence of insulin (DR = 2.82 +/- 0.39 in controls, 2.52 +/- 0.40 in uremics). Compared to control rats, the diaphragm and liver of uremic rats, in the absence of insulin, had higher concentrations of AIBA. Insulin had the expected effect of increasing the uptake in the gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and liver of control rats but had no effect on uptake in the gastrocnemius muscle of uremic rats (DR = 5.82 +/- 0.78 in controls, 3.07 +/- 0.60 in uremics). The effect of insulin on the distribution ratio of AIBA in diaphragm and liver or uremic rats was less than it was in control rats. Uremia is associated with inhibition of insulin-mediated amino acid uptake as well as peripheral resistance to glucose utilization.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007424	Intracellular Fluid	The fluid inside CELLS.	Fluid, Intracellular,Fluids, Intracellular,Intracellular Fluids
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D003964	Diaphragm	The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.	Respiratory Diaphragm,Diaphragm, Respiratory,Diaphragms,Diaphragms, Respiratory,Respiratory Diaphragms
D005110	Extracellular Space	Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.	Intercellular Space,Extracellular Spaces,Intercellular Spaces,Space, Extracellular,Space, Intercellular,Spaces, Extracellular,Spaces, Intercellular
D005260	Female		Females
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D000596	Amino Acids	Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.	Amino Acid,Acid, Amino,Acids, Amino
D000621	Aminoisobutyric Acids	A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.	Acids, Aminoisobutyric