In this study the effects of vowel roughness on the level of harmonics in test vowel spectra were investigated. Twenty normal-speaking adult males sustained productions of each of the vowels (formula: see text) first normally and then with simulated abnormal vocal roughness, at one intensity. A tape recording of each production was rated for roughness on an equal-appearing intervals scale by 11 judges and was also analyzed to obtain its 3-Hz bandwidth amplitude-by-frequency acoustic spectrum. The median roughness rating, the level of the first five spectral harmonics, and the f0 of each production were obtained. It was found that the level of the first three harmonics for each test vowel diminished with an increase in roughness (as was hypothesized from earlier results), but the higher harmonics of /u/ and /i/ showed some reversals. A moderately large negative correlative relationship was shown between lower-harmonic levels and median vowel roughness. A possible explanation of the higher-harmonic reversals was offered. The results suggest that spectral noise level measurements may provide a more reliable acoustic index of vowel wave aperiodicity and vowel roughness than measurements of harmonic level.