During the past 50 years pneumonology changed its character from tuberculous sanatoriums to high specialized clinics for specific and non specific lung diseases. The increased bioptic and surgical activity together with a broad spectrum of different diseases needs a specialized morphologic diagnostic. The development and position of clinical pathology in the field of pneumonology in the GDR during the past 30 years is described. Tasks and importance of this relative new special part of morphology are explained and similar tendences of development in socialist countries are pointed out.