The nutritive value of single foods. 1971

R J Williams, and J D Heffley, and C W Bode

This is an extension of an earlier study in which we found that while commercial "enriched" bread alone would not support the life of weanling rats in a 90-day test, enrichment could be updated at low cost, with the result that rats consuming the improved bread alone lived during the test period and grew seven times as fast. Prominent nutritionists criticized this study on the basis that bread is not eaten alone and that other single foods are likewise deficient. It was stated: "the experiments you performed would have given the same or similar results if you had begun with milk, eggs, meat, or any other food". Skepticism regarding this statement led to experimental trials in which milk, meat, eggs, and several other foods, including breakfast cereals, were fed singly to groups of animals. Eggs proved to be a remarkably complete food, and milk exhibited about the same excellence until the iron deficiency became evident after about two months. "Enriched" breakfast foods and macaroni were highly deficient and could be improved greatly by supplementation.As an outgrowth of this study, we are developing a method of biological testing which is incomparably better for evaluating foods than consulting food composition tables. On the basis of the tabulated data alone one might conclude that "enriched" puffed rice, for example, is only slightly inferior nutritionally to eggs. Our experiments have shown this assumption to be grossly in error.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008460 Meat The edible portions of any animal used for food including cattle, swine, goats/sheep, poultry, fish, shellfish, and game. Meats
D008892 Milk The off-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Cow Milk,Cow's Milk,Milk, Cow,Milk, Cow's
D009747 Nutritional Physiological Phenomena The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD. Nutrition Physiological Phenomena,Nutrition Physiology,Nutrition Processes,Nutritional Physiology Phenomena,Nutrition Phenomena,Nutrition Physiological Concepts,Nutrition Physiological Phenomenon,Nutrition Process,Nutritional Phenomena,Nutritional Physiological Phenomenon,Nutritional Physiology,Nutritional Physiology Concepts,Nutritional Physiology Phenomenon,Nutritional Process,Nutritional Processes,Concept, Nutrition Physiological,Concept, Nutritional Physiology,Concepts, Nutrition Physiological,Concepts, Nutritional Physiology,Nutrition Physiological Concept,Nutritional Physiology Concept,Phenomena, Nutrition,Phenomena, Nutrition Physiological,Phenomena, Nutritional,Phenomena, Nutritional Physiological,Phenomena, Nutritional Physiology,Phenomenon, Nutrition Physiological,Phenomenon, Nutritional Physiological,Phenomenon, Nutritional Physiology,Physiological Concept, Nutrition,Physiological Concepts, Nutrition,Physiological Phenomena, Nutrition,Physiological Phenomena, Nutritional,Physiological Phenomenon, Nutrition,Physiological Phenomenon, Nutritional,Physiology Concept, Nutritional,Physiology Concepts, Nutritional,Physiology Phenomena, Nutritional,Physiology Phenomenon, Nutritional,Physiology, Nutrition,Physiology, Nutritional,Process, Nutrition,Process, Nutritional,Processes, Nutrition,Processes, Nutritional
D009751 Nutritional Requirements The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life. Dietary Requirements,Nutrition Requirements,Dietary Requirement,Nutrition Requirement,Nutritional Requirement,Requirement, Dietary,Requirement, Nutrition,Requirement, Nutritional,Requirements, Dietary,Requirements, Nutrition,Requirements, Nutritional
D010367 Arachis A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that includes peanuts. Arachis hypogaea,Peanuts,Peanut
D001835 Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D001939 Bread Baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food since prehistoric times, it has been made in various forms using a variety of ingredients and methods. Breads
D002523 Edible Grain SEEDS used as a major nutritional source, most often the grain from the POACEAE family. Cereals,Cereal Grain,Cereal,Cereal Grains,Edible Grains,Grain, Cereal,Grain, Edible,Grains, Cereal,Grains, Edible
D004032 Diet Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. Diets

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