Biomaterial Database

[New bacteriological results with Co-trimoxazole (author's transl)]. 1979

E Böhni

The current situation regarding resistance to cotrimoxazole and trimethoprim as well as the selected ratio of our combination and the resulting proportions of the two components in body fluids and tissues are discussed. Special attention will be paid to the relevant synergy in the respective proportions. Data on the development of resistance towards co-trimoxazole obtained from London, Zurich, Hamburg and Austria will be presented. In general, however, in Zurich a slight increase in resistance to staphylococci, Klebsiellae and Serratia can be seen. If we take an investigation in Hamburg as an example, we can show the importance of distinguishing between infectious hospitalism and a genuine development of resistance. Reference is made to Austria, because of claims that the resistance problem would be improved by combination with another sulfonamide (sulfametrole). The situation in Austria resembles that in Zurich. In order to deal with the problem as to whether the risk of the development of resistance to co-trimoxazole is still as significant as 10 years ago, the resistance frequency towards TMP alone will be further analysed. The chromosomal as well as the plasmidic transferable resistance is on slight increase in England, France and Italy. However, susceptibility to the combination has not yet adversely influenced. Accelerated deterioration of the susceptibility could occur if TMP alone were introduced in more countries. However, 30-50% of TMP-resistant organisms are still susceptible to sulfonamides and remain therefore sensitive to a strong synergistic influence of the combination, which is shown in many instances. As a result of various chemico-physical properties different ratios of both components, SMZ and TMP occur, in body fluids and tissues which differ from that in the plasma. However, many of these ratios are comprised by the large range of potentiation of the combination against many pathogens. A more complete synergistic inhibition however, would be achieved by the development of new supplementary combinations.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008131	London	The capital of the United Kingdom. It is located in England.
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D004352	Drug Resistance, Microbial	The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).	Antibiotic Resistance,Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial,Antimicrobial Resistance, Drug,Antimicrobial Drug Resistance,Antimicrobial Drug Resistances,Antimicrobial Resistances, Drug,Drug Antimicrobial Resistance,Drug Antimicrobial Resistances,Drug Resistances, Microbial,Resistance, Antibiotic,Resistance, Drug Antimicrobial,Resistances, Drug Antimicrobial
D004357	Drug Synergism	The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.	Drug Potentiation,Drug Augmentation,Augmentation, Drug,Augmentations, Drug,Drug Augmentations,Drug Potentiations,Drug Synergisms,Potentiation, Drug,Potentiations, Drug,Synergism, Drug,Synergisms, Drug
D005860	Germany, West	The former Federal Republic of Germany which was reunified with the former German Democratic Republic in 1990.	Federal Republic of Germany,Germany, Federal Republic of
D001317	Austria	A country located in Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia. The capital is Vienna.
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D013420	Sulfamethoxazole	A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)	Sulfamethylisoxazole,Gantanol,Sulfisomezole,Sulphamethoxazole
D013557	Switzerland	A country in Europe. It is bordered by Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, and Germany. The capital is Bern.
D014295	Trimethoprim	A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.	Proloprim,Trimpex