Esophago-tracheal fistulas are rare malformations in which the frequency of associated defects is not yet well known. This is the reason for the description of a case of oesophago-tracheal fistula and ano-cutaneous fistula in a female newborn. Special attention is also paid to the problem of diagnostic difficulties, which were here resolved by oesophagoscopy accompanied by positive pressure ventilation through a tracheal tube.