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The pacemaker patient is faced with potential origins of interference to the pacemaker function in his daily life, at his working place and during medical-therapeutic interventions. Technical faults in the electronic circuit induced by external sources can be neglected. Malfunctions of synchronized cardiac pacemakers may occur in the presence of electrical signals similar to the intracardiac ECG (e.g. nerve stimulators) or by the influence of high energy electrical field (e.g. pulsed electromagnetic fields). Technical improvements like metalshielding of the unit, electronic filtering components and automatic conversion to fixed rate stimulation increase the reliability to a high degree.
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E Feder, and
W Heimisch, and
H Meisner
May 1974,
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E Gams, and
E Feder, and
W Heimisch, and
H Meisner
October 1974,
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E Gams, and
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H Meisner
January 1979,
Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering,
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E Gams, and
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H Meisner
October 1975,
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W Heimisch, and
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September 1975,
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E Gams, and
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H Meisner
March 1975,
MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift,
E Gams, and
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October 1972,
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),
E Gams, and
E Feder, and
W Heimisch, and
H Meisner
July 1988,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
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H Meisner
July 1976,
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