Biomaterial Database

Deformities of chick embryos in experimental Akabane virus infection. 1978

S Ikeda, and K Yonaiyama

A material containing 10(3.0) approximately 10(5.0) TCID50 of Akabane virus was inoculated into 6-day-old chick embryos by the yolk sac route. Death of embryos did not increase in the course of embryonic development till 18 days of age, as compared with control groups. Later than 18 days of age, however, the numbers of dead and peeping but unhatched embryos increased, making the hatching rate significantly low. Deformities, such as arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly, appeared in almost all the dead and unhatched embryos. They were severe in dead embryos, considerably severe in peeping unhatched embryos, and comparatively mild, though highly frequent, in affected hatched chicks. Many of the hatched chicks manifested ataxia, abnormal gait, astasia, or tremor of body or legs separately or together. Virus growth was demonstrated in chick embryos inoculated at 7 days of age. The virus titer was the highest (10(3.25 approximately 10(3.75) TCID50/O.1g) in head, trunk, and muscle, and the second highest (10(2.0) approximately 10(2.5) in brain, heart, and other visceral organs. It was the highest (10(4.0) approximately 10(4.5)) in muscle and a mixture of cerebellum and brain stem in embryos inoculated at 8 days of age.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D005260	Female		Females
D005313	Fetal Death	Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	Fetal Mummification,Fetal Demise,Death, Fetal,Deaths, Fetal,Demise, Fetal,Fetal Deaths,Mummification, Fetal
D006832	Hydranencephaly	A congenital condition where the greater portions of the cerebral hemispheres and CORPUS STRIATUM are replaced by CSF and glial tissue. The meninges and the skull are well formed, which is consistent with earlier normal embryogenesis of the telencephalon. Bilateral occlusions of the internal carotid arteries in utero is a potential mechanism. Clinical features include intact brainstem reflexes without evidence of higher cortical activity. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p307)	Cerebral Hemispheres, Absence, Congenital,Hemihydranencephaly,Absence of Cerebral Hemispheres, Congenital,Congenital Absence of Cerebral Hemispheres,Hydranencephaly with Proliferative Vasculopathy,Hemihydranencephalies,Hydranencephalies
D006849	Hydrocephalus	Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.	Communicating Hydrocephalus,Congenital Hydrocephalus,Obstructive Hydrocephalus,Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Aqueductal Stenosis,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo,Hydrocephaly,Aqueductal Stenoses,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies, Fetal,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly, Fetal,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuos,Hydrocephalus, Communicating,Hydrocephalus, Congenital,Hydrocephalus, Obstructive,Hydrocephalus, Post-Traumatic,Post Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Stenoses, Aqueductal,Stenosis, Aqueductal,Ventriculomegalies, Cerebral,Ventriculomegalies, Fetal Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Fetal Cerebral
D000015	Abnormalities, Multiple	Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	Multiple Abnormalities
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001102	Arbovirus Infections	Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.	Arbovirus Infection,Infection, Arbovirus,Infections, Arbovirus