Biomaterial Database

The slowing of gastric emptying by nine acids. 1969

J N Hunt, and M T Knox

1. Test meals containing a range of concentrations of nine different acids were given to twenty healthy subjects. The acids used were hydrochloric, acetic, lactic, tartaric, phosphoric, citric, propionic, butyric and hexanoic.2. The greater the concentration of acid in the meal the greater was the volume of the meal recovered after a fixed interval.3. A rectilinear relationship between the mean concentrations of acid (m-equiv/l.) required to give a recovery of 450 ml. and the molecular weights of the acids used was found. The acids with high molecular weights were less effective than those with low molecular weights.4. The results indicate that the molecular weights of the anions play the dominant part in determining the effectiveness of the various acids. Slowing of gastric emptying by acids does not seem to be dependent upon their pK values provided they are less than 5. The oil/water partition coefficients are also apparently irrelevant to effectiveness.5. These findings are considered to be consistent with the view that a barrier to movement of the anions in an aqueous system limits the access of the hydrogen ions to duodenal receptors, which activate the mechanism slowing gastric emptying.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007773	Lactates	Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
D008970	Molecular Weight	The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.	Molecular Weights,Weight, Molecular,Weights, Molecular
D010756	Phosphoric Acids	Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.	Pyrophosphoric Acids,Acids, Phosphoric,Acids, Pyrophosphoric
D011422	Propionates	Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.	Propanoate,Propanoic Acid,Propionate,Propanoates,Propanoic Acid Derivatives,Propanoic Acids,Propionic Acid Derivatives,Propionic Acids,Acid, Propanoic,Acids, Propanoic,Acids, Propionic,Derivatives, Propanoic Acid,Derivatives, Propionic Acid
D011984	Sensory Receptor Cells	Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.	Nerve Endings, Sensory,Neurons, Sensory,Neuroreceptors,Receptors, Neural,Neural Receptors,Receptors, Sensory,Sensory Neurons,Sensory Receptors,Nerve Ending, Sensory,Neural Receptor,Neuron, Sensory,Neuroreceptor,Receptor Cell, Sensory,Receptor Cells, Sensory,Receptor, Neural,Receptor, Sensory,Sensory Nerve Ending,Sensory Nerve Endings,Sensory Neuron,Sensory Receptor,Sensory Receptor Cell
D002087	Butyrates	Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.	Butyrate,n-Butyrate,Butanoic Acids,Butyric Acids,Acids, Butanoic,Acids, Butyric,n Butyrate
D002208	Caproates	Derivatives of caproic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated six carbon aliphatic structure.	Hexanoates,Caproic Acid Derivatives,Caproic Acids,Hexanoic Acid Derivatives,Hexanoic Acids,Acid Derivatives, Caproic,Acid Derivatives, Hexanoic,Acids, Caproic,Acids, Hexanoic,Derivatives, Caproic Acid,Derivatives, Hexanoic Acid
D002627	Chemistry, Physical	The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.	Physical Chemistry,Chemistries, Physical,Physical Chemistries
D002951	Citrates	Derivatives of CITRIC ACID.
D004386	Duodenum	The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.	Duodenums