Biomaterial Database

Effects of metformin on glucose metabolism of isolated perfused rat skeletal muscle. 1977

F W Kemmer, and M Berger, and L Herberg, and F A Gries

It was investigated whether N,N-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin) lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake of skeletal muscle using the isolated perfused rat hindquarter. Osborne-Mendel rats were subjected to a special feeding regimen (food intake only 2 h daily) and were treated orally by metformin (125 mg/kg body weight twice daily) or placebo, respectively. The hypoglycemic effect of metformin could be demonstrated. Thereafter, control rats were perfused in the absence, and metformin-treated rats in the presence of added metformin (0.67 microgram/ml perfusate). Neither the basal nor the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of skeletal muscle was increased by metformin. Lactate and alanine release, O2 uptake as well as the tissue metabolite levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ATP and creatine-P remained unaffected. On the other hand, metformin caused a significant decline of lactate oxidation as well as an elevated glycogen content of skeletal muscle. It is proposed that the inhibition of lactate oxidation may under certain conditions be instrumental in the development of lactic acidosis associated with biguanide therapy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007773	Lactates	Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
D008687	Metformin	A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)	Dimethylguanylguanidine,Dimethylbiguanidine,Glucophage,Metformin HCl,Metformin Hydrochloride,HCl, Metformin,Hydrochloride, Metformin
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011773	Pyruvates	Derivatives of PYRUVIC ACID, including its salts and esters.
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D003402	Creatine Kinase	A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.	Creatine Phosphokinase,ADP Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase,ATP Creatine Phosphotransferase,Macro-Creatine Kinase,Creatine Phosphotransferase, ATP,Kinase, Creatine,Macro Creatine Kinase,Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase, ADP,Phosphokinase, Creatine,Phosphotransferase, ADP Phosphocreatine,Phosphotransferase, ATP Creatine
D005260	Female		Females
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D000255	Adenosine Triphosphate	An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.	ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2