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Lactose loading tests and other means were used to determine the pattern of primary "adult" lactose malabsorption (LM) and milk use among 171 subjects, including 122 children and 49 adults, almost all of them Pima Indians of Arizona. LM develops at quite young ages in full-blooded Pima children: already in the 3- to 4-year age group, 40% had LM. Of 62 full-blooded Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years of age), 59 (95%) had LM. Of 41 Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years) who were of mixed Indian-northern European ancestry, however, only 25 (61%) had LM, and, among them, prevalence of LM correlated with degree of northern European admixture. Whereas only 21% of Pima lactose absorbers reported symptoms after the loading test, 72% of malabsorbers did so, with older malabsorbers more likely to experience symptoms. In their everyday lives, only 23% of malabsorbers recognized symptoms brought on by milk consumption, but the percentage of malabsorbers making such an association increased with age. Nevertheless the Pima, adults as well as children, continue to drink reasonable quantities of milk. Family pedigrees are consistent with the hypothesis that adult lactose absorption is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Over-all results of this study, moreover, support the geographic hypothesis advanced to explain ethnic or racial differences in prevalence of LM, rather than the induction hypothesis.
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
April 1961,
Arizona medicine,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
August 1959,
Journal of the American Medical Association,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
December 1973,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
May 1999,
Nutrition reviews,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
January 1978,
Advances in metabolic disorders,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
August 2000,
New Jersey medicine : the journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
December 1962,
American journal of human genetics,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
January 1979,
Advances in experimental medicine and biology,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
January 1970,
Advances in metabolic disorders,
J D Johnson, and
F J Simoons, and
R Hurwitz, and
A Grange, and
C H Mitchell, and
F R Sinatra, and
P Sunshine, and
W V Robertson, and
P H Bennett, and
N Kretchmer
September 1975,
Ugeskrift for laeger,
