Acute toxicity of penicillic acid and rubratoxin B in dogs. 1977

A W Hayes, and P D Under, and W L Williams

The effect of intraperitoneally administered penicillic acid, a mycotoxin produced by several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, on female dogs of mixed breeding was determined by serum tests, by observation of clinical signs and survival times, and by evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions. Combination studies employing penicillic acid and a second mycotoxin, rubratoxin B, also were undertaken. Post mortem examination disclosed hemorrhaging of the serosal surfaces of the abdomen of dogs receiving penicillic acid. The most significant histologic change observed in penicillic-acid-treated dogs was congestion and dilatation of hepatic sinusoids. Extensive hepatic changes of the liver were noted only in the dog receiving 20 mg/kg penicillic acid. There was no evidence of parenchymal necrosis in any of the liver samples examined from animals given penicillic acid. A predominently peripheral lobular depletion of glycogen in parenchymal cytoplasm also was seen in liver sections from animals exposed to penicillic acid. Although slight decreases in lactic dehydrogenase were observed, no trends were detected in the several blood enzymes and serum constituents examined that could be specifically related to penicillic acid intoxification. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and survival time varied in relation to duration of exposure and total dose of rubratoxin B administered. The lesions in animals injected with 1.0 mg/kg rubratoxin B consisted of mild hepatic necrosis and degenerative changes in renal tubular epithelium. An additive effect due to the combined administration of penicillic acid and rubratoxin B was observed only by an elevation in serum sodium and chlorine levels.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007770 L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist. Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D009183 Mycotoxins Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI. Fungal Toxins,Mycotoxin,Toxins, Fungal
D010398 Penicillic Acid A mycotoxin with antibiotic and carcinogenic activity produced by various strains of PENICILLIUM and ASPERGILLUS. It has been found in tobacco, sausages, and corn. Acid, Penicillic
D001774 Blood Chemical Analysis An examination of chemicals in the blood. Analysis, Blood Chemical,Chemical Analysis, Blood,Analyses, Blood Chemical,Blood Chemical Analyses,Chemical Analyses, Blood
D002208 Caproates Derivatives of caproic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated six carbon aliphatic structure. Hexanoates,Caproic Acid Derivatives,Caproic Acids,Hexanoic Acid Derivatives,Hexanoic Acids,Acid Derivatives, Caproic,Acid Derivatives, Hexanoic,Acids, Caproic,Acids, Hexanoic,Derivatives, Caproic Acid,Derivatives, Hexanoic Acid
D003402 Creatine Kinase A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins. Creatine Phosphokinase,ADP Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase,ATP Creatine Phosphotransferase,Macro-Creatine Kinase,Creatine Phosphotransferase, ATP,Kinase, Creatine,Macro Creatine Kinase,Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase, ADP,Phosphokinase, Creatine,Phosphotransferase, ADP Phosphocreatine,Phosphotransferase, ATP Creatine
D004285 Dogs The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065) Canis familiaris,Dog
D005260 Female Females
D000469 Alkaline Phosphatase An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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