Niludipine (bis(2-propoxyethyl)1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate; Bay a 7168) with respect to its specific actions on mammalian myocardium, sino-auricular or atrio-ventricular pacemakers, myometrium, and vascular smooth muscle has to be considered one of the most potent representatives of the new group of calcium antagonists. The pharmacodynamic effects of niludipine strikingly resemble those of nifedipine both qualitatively and quantitatively. Interestingly enough, niludipine is also a powerful coronary vasodilator. This is made particularly evident by the present experiments on potassium- or glycoside-contractured smooth musculature originating from large extramural coronary stem arteries.