In view of the postulated etiological role of specific papillomaviruses in human genital cancer, early detection and treatment of papillomavirus-related lesions are requested. Since so far in the genital region papillomaviruses have been associated clinically only with condylomata acuminata, now they are detectable in a spectrum of morphologically and biologically different lesions of the external genitalia and of deeper mucosal sites such as the uterine cervix, the anal mucosa and the urethra. They consist in true condylomata acuminata, giant condylomas (Buschke-Löwenstein tumors), condylomata plana and the so-called pigmented papular lesions, the histology of the latter frequently exhibiting significant cellular atypia that may progress to carcinoma in situ. In the following brief survey morphological, etiological and therapeutical aspects of these diseases are presented.