Biomaterial Database

Embryotoxicity of industrial chemicals on the chicken embryo: dithiocarbamates. 1983

A Korhonen, and K Hemminki, and H Vainio

Seven dithiocarbamates and three acetates were tested for teratogenicity and lethality in three-day chicken embryos. These included: cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate (CdDE), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZnDE), zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (ZnEP), zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZnDB), copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDM), tellurium diethyldithiocarbamate (TeDE), and piperidine pentamethylenedithiocarbamate (PPM), cadmium acetate (CdAC), copper-(II)acetate (CuAC), and zinc acetate (ZnAC). The parameters measured were early deaths, recorded within two days of injection, late deaths of malformed embryos, late deaths of nonmalformed embryos, and malformed survivors. The order of embryotoxicity decreased as follows: CdAC greater than CdDE greater than ZnDE greater than or equal to ZnEP greater than or equal to ZnDB greater than CuDM greater than TeDE greater than CuAC greater than PPM greater than ZnAC. The only exception to this order was the relatively weak teratogenicity of the metal acetates as compared to dithiocarbamates. Cadmium and zinc dithiocarbamates were potent embryotoxic agents eliciting lethality and malformations at doses of 1 to 10 nmole per egg. Most embryonic deaths occurred at stages 29 to 31, and most of the dead embryos were malformed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007306	Insecticides	Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.	Insecticide
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D000085	Acetates	Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.	Acetate,Acetic Acid Esters,Acetic Acids,Acids, Acetic,Esters, Acetic Acid
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013723	Teratogens	An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.	Embryotoxins,Fetotoxins,Teratogen
D013859	Thiocarbamates	Carbamates in which the -CO- group has been replaced by a -CS- group.	Thiocarbamate