Biomaterial Database

Mechanical properties of ligament replacement with carbon fibres. 1983

L Claes, and R Neugebauer

1. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of carbon fibres are comparable to those of stainless steel. 2. The small diameter (7-8 microns) produces high fibre flexibility, permitting braiding and weaving of this material. 3. The strength of braided ligament prostheses is about 2-3 times higher than the rupture strength of natural knee ligaments. 4. The elasticity and extensibility of a ligament prosthesis made of braided carbon fibres are higher than when there is a unidirectional arrangement. 5. The growth of connective tissue between the braided carbon fibres increases the elasticity and extensibility of the ligament replacement in vivo, so that 50-110% of the values for natural ligaments can be achieved. 6. The low shearing strength of the carbon fibres can be increased by a layer of collagen. 7. Intraosseous anchorages of the carbon fibre ligaments after 12 weeks of implantation exhibit strengths corresponding to 49-107% of the rupture strength of natural ligaments.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007719	Knee Joint	A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.	Superior Tibiofibular Joint,Joint, Knee,Joint, Superior Tibiofibular,Knee Joints,Superior Tibiofibular Joints,Tibiofibular Joint, Superior
D008023	Ligaments, Articular	Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.	Articular Ligament,Articular Ligaments,Ligament, Articular
D002244	Carbon	A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.	Carbon-12,Vitreous Carbon,Carbon 12,Carbon, Vitreous
D003238	Connective Tissue	Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.	Connective Tissues,Tissue, Connective,Tissues, Connective
D004548	Elasticity	Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077482	Carbon Fiber	Fiber with a diameter of approximately 5 to 10 micrometers that is composed mostly of carbon atoms. It has a variety of applications.	Carbon Felt,Carbon Fibre,Composipost,Grafil,Carbon Felts,Carbon Fibers,Carbon Fibres,Felt, Carbon,Felts, Carbon,Fiber, Carbon,Fibers, Carbon,Fibre, Carbon,Fibres, Carbon
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013718	Tensile Strength	The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)	Strength, Tensile,Strengths, Tensile,Tensile Strengths
D019736	Prostheses and Implants	Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.	Implants, Artificial,Prostheses and Implant,Prosthesis,Prosthetic Implant,Endoprostheses,Endoprosthesis,Prostheses,Prosthetic Implants,Artificial Implant,Artificial Implants,Implant and Prostheses,Implant, Artificial,Implant, Prosthetic,Implants and Prostheses,Implants, Prosthetic