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Of 1116 patients receiving primary treatment for breast carcinoma at the Royal Marsden Hospital since 1976, 651 had an abnormal bone scintigram either at primary diagnosis (378) or on subsequent follow-up (273) and 167 developed radiographically detectable bone metastases (21 at the time of primary diagnosis). Comparison of bone scintigrams and X-rays showed that scintigraphy was an inaccurate localiser of existing radiographic detectable metastases. If X-rays alone are used to detect bone metastases a limited examination with five plates will detect metastases with 92% accuracy. After primary surgery, routine X-ray screening for bone metastases is not necessary since it is possible to identify patients at risk on the basis of clinical examination, chest X-ray, and serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels.
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R C Coombes
January 1995,
Der Radiologe,
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January 1997,
Anticancer research,
D J Perez, and
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J C Gazet, and
H T Ford, and
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October 1983,
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D J Perez, and
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May 1994,
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin,
D J Perez, and
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November 2004,
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March 1994,
Clinical nuclear medicine,
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R C Coombes
February 1973,
Rontgen-Blatter; Zeitschrift fur Rontgen-Technik und medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Photographie,
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April 2010,
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D J Perez, and
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January 1984,
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October 1994,
Journal of hepatology,
