-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Antipsychotic effects of clonidine were evaluated in one schizoaffective and seven schizophrenic patients, using a double-blind, cross-over design to compare placebo, clonidine, and standard neuroleptic drugs. Mean improvement on clonidine and neuroleptics was equal, and improvement scores on the two treatments were closely correlated for individual patients. Clonidine was selected because it blocks noradrenergic but not dopaminergic neurotransmission. Patients were selected because of co-existing psychosis and tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder thought to be caused by the antidopaminergic properties of the neuroleptics. For all patients, dyskinesia improved when neuroleptics were discontinued during clonidine and placebo periods of the study. The data provide preliminary evidence that clonidine may be an effective alternative to neuroleptics, particularly for patients for whom the dopaminergic blocking action of the neuroleptics is undesirable. The study also prompts re-evaluation of theories of a unique role for dopamine in schizophrenia.
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
September 1995,
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
June 1994,
Clinical neuropharmacology,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
May 2023,
Schizophrenia research,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
October 1975,
Headache,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
August 1983,
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
May 1992,
The American journal of psychiatry,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
March 1986,
The Medical journal of Australia,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
January 1989,
Psychopharmacology bulletin,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
April 2002,
Journal of hypertension,
R Freedman, and
D Kirch, and
J Bell, and
L E Adler, and
M Pecevich, and
E Pachtman, and
P Denver
December 1990,
Clinical neuropharmacology,
