Biomaterial Database

Gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in fetal serum, maternal serum, and amniotic fluid during gestation. 1984

C Moniz, and K H Nicolaides, and D Keys, and C H Rodeck

Gamma-glutamyl transferase activity was measured in fetal serum, maternal serum, and amniotic fluid in 173 pregnancies from 15 to 40 weeks' gestation. Fetal serum was obtained in the second trimester by fetoscopy and in the third trimester by umbilical cord puncture at caesarian section or vaginal delivery. Enzyme activities in maternal blood (10 IU/1, SD 2) and fetal blood (88 IU/1, SD 20) remained relatively constant throughout gestation, whereas in the amniotic fluid there was a significant decrease at term from the value in the second trimester (p less than 0.001). Electrophoretic separation of the enzyme showed one isoenzyme in the fetal blood and at least two in the amniotic fluid. The fetal isoenzyme had the same mobility as the major isoenzyme in the amniotic fluid.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D005260	Female		Females
D005312	Fetal Blood	Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.	Cord Blood,Umbilical Cord Blood,Blood, Cord,Blood, Fetal,Blood, Umbilical Cord,Bloods, Cord,Bloods, Fetal,Bloods, Umbilical Cord,Cord Blood, Umbilical,Cord Bloods,Cord Bloods, Umbilical,Fetal Bloods,Umbilical Cord Bloods
D005332	Fetoscopy	Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the fetus and amniotic cavity through abdominal or uterine entry.	Amnioscopic Surgical Procedures,Amnioscopy,Embryoscopic Surgical Procedures,Embryoscopy,Fetoscopic Surgical Procedures,Surgical Procedures, Amnioscopic,Surgical Procedures, Embryoscopic,Surgical Procedures, Fetoscopic,Amnioscopic Surgery,Embryoscopic Surgery,Fetoscopic Surgery,Surgery, Amnioscopic,Surgery, Embryoscopic,Surgery, Fetoscopic,Amnioscopic Surgeries,Amnioscopic Surgical Procedure,Amnioscopies,Embryoscopic Surgeries,Embryoscopic Surgical Procedure,Embryoscopies,Fetoscopic Surgeries,Fetoscopic Surgical Procedure,Fetoscopies,Procedure, Amnioscopic Surgical,Procedure, Embryoscopic Surgical,Procedure, Fetoscopic Surgical,Procedures, Amnioscopic Surgical,Procedures, Embryoscopic Surgical,Procedures, Fetoscopic Surgical,Surgeries, Amnioscopic,Surgeries, Embryoscopic,Surgeries, Fetoscopic,Surgical Procedure, Amnioscopic,Surgical Procedure, Embryoscopic,Surgical Procedure, Fetoscopic
D005723	gamma-Glutamyltransferase	An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.	GGTP,Glutamyl Transpeptidase,gammaglutamyltransferase,gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase,Transpeptidase, Glutamyl,Transpeptidase, gamma-Glutamyl,gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase,gamma Glutamyltransferase
D005865	Gestational Age	The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated from the onset of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. It is also estimated to begin from fertilization, estrus, coitus, or artificial insemination.	Embryologic Age,Fetal Maturity, Chronologic,Chronologic Fetal Maturity,Fetal Age,Maturity, Chronologic Fetal,Age, Embryologic,Age, Fetal,Age, Gestational,Ages, Embryologic,Ages, Fetal,Ages, Gestational,Embryologic Ages,Fetal Ages,Gestational Ages
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000653	Amniotic Fluid	A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).	Amniotic Fluid Index,Amniotic Fluid Indices,Amniotic Fluids,Fluid Index, Amniotic,Fluid Indices, Amniotic,Fluid, Amniotic,Fluids, Amniotic,Index, Amniotic Fluid,Indices, Amniotic Fluid