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Cold blood cardioplegic techniques are limited in their ability to protect energy-depleted hearts during aortic clamping. This study extends our previous observations on the benefits of amino acid (L-glutamate) enrichment of blood cardioplegic solutions as well as the added metabolic benefits of normothermic induction of cardioplegic arrest to increase the rate of repair of energy-depleted hearts. The results demonstrate that L-glutamate enrichment of blood cardioplegic solutions significantly improves metabolic recovery (greater oxygen consumption, better anaerobic metabolism) and ventricular performance. Normothermic induction of glutamate-enriched cardioplegia allowed complete recovery of myocardial metabolism and function compared to cold blood cardioplegic technique and may be used as a form of "active resuscitation" of energy-depleted hearts.
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
September 1984,
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
January 1991,
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
July 1983,
[Zasshi] [Journal]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
August 1988,
Rinsho kyobu geka = Japanese annals of thoracic surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
March 1982,
The Annals of thoracic surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
November 1983,
Surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
April 1983,
New York state journal of medicine,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
September 1984,
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
September 1978,
Circulation,
E R Rosenkranz, and
F Okamoto, and
G D Buckberg, and
J Vinten-Johansen, and
J M Robertson, and
H Bugyi
January 1979,
Surgical forum,
