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We studied the development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions from 79 infants with various forms of respiratory illness due to RSV. RSV-IgE was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; specificity was confirmed by appropriate blocking experiments. Histamine content in the secretions was determined by fluorimetric methods. RSV-IgE was detectable in only one of 19 patients with RSV infection without wheezing, but was detectable in the majority of 60 patients with wheezing (P less than 0.01). Titers of RSV-IgE were significantly higher in patients with wheezing (P less than 0.05). Histamine was detectable in secretions of some patients with all forms of illness but was detected significantly more often (P = 0.05) and in higher concentrations in patients with wheezing. Peak titers of RSV-IgE and concentrations of histamine correlated significantly with the degree of hypoxia (P less than 0.001). Formation of RSV-specific IgE and release of histamine may adversely affect the outcome of RSV infection.
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