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This paper describes the influence of human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) in vitro and in vivo using the blood of healthy donors and myeloma patients. IFN-beta stimulates NK activity against all target cells tested in vitro in a dose-dependent way up to 250% of pretreatment values. At higher IFN concentrations, stimulation returned to baseline values. Stimulation was most pronounced in the lowest lymphocyte to target cell ratio. 1- to 2-h preincubation of effector cells with IFN was enough to achieve maximal stimulation. The effector cells of IFN-treated myeloma-patients, or patients with herpes zoster, showed a clear reduction of toxicity against all cells tested during the first infusion, as compared to the pretreatment values.
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