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A total of 136 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for production of staphylococcal enterotoxin F (SEF) and pyrogenic exotoxin C (PEC), both of which have been identified as reliable indicators of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-associated strains. SEF and PEC production by isolates from TSS-associated and other sources was tested independently in two laboratories, after which the two sets of data were compared. A 100% concordance between SEF and PEC production was obtained. The TSS toxin candidates were produced by 30 of 136 isolates, and in all instances SEF and PEC were made concurrently by the same strains; in no case was one toxin made and not the other. In the five groups of S. aureus tested, toxins were detected as follows: 23 of 25 (92%) acute TSS isolates, 2 of 48 (4.2%) genital non-TSS isolates, 2 of 16 (12.5%) recovered TSS isolates, 1 of 23 (4.3%) clinical nongenital isolates, and 2 of 24 (8.3%) enterotoxigenic food outbreak isolates. Comparison of purified SEF and purified PEC by immunological and biochemical criteria by immunodiffusion, isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot analysis show that the toxins are immunologically identical and strongly suggest that the two nominal TSS toxins are in fact a single protein.
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