Genome organization and transcription in archaebacteria. 1984

H Schnabel, and R Schnabel, and S Yeats, and J Tu, and A Gierl, and H Neumann, and W Zillig

The genome organization of the archaebacteria is investigated in three model systems: a) rRNA genes of various archaebacteria, b) a plasmid of 15.6 kb from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius which exists in free or integrated form, c) the 59 kb genome of phage phi H of Halobacterium halobium as a model for the unusual structural variability of DNA in this organism. Several variants of this phage have been isolated, their genomes differ by several insertions, a deletion, and an inversion. The frequent inversion and circularization of a 12 kb segment of DNA appears to be linked to the presence of two copies of an IS element at its flanks. DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been isolated from a large number of archaebacteria including representatives of 4 families of the novel order Thermoproteales . As shown by immunological methods, they are closely related to those of eukaryotes. Two different types of RNA polymerase exist in the two main branches of the archaebacteria. The role of one component of the enzyme of Thermoplasma acidophilum was elucidated using an in vitro transcription system.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010957 Plasmids Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS. Episomes,Episome,Plasmid
D004269 DNA, Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria. Bacterial DNA
D004279 DNA, Viral Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral DNA
D005798 Genes, Bacterial The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA. Bacterial Gene,Bacterial Genes,Gene, Bacterial
D005814 Genes, Viral The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES. Viral Genes,Gene, Viral,Viral Gene
D006217 Halobacterium A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE whose growth requires a high concentration of salt. Binary fission is by constriction.
D001105 Archaea One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA. Archaebacteria,Archaeobacteria,Archaeon,Archebacteria
D001419 Bacteria One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive. Eubacteria
D001435 Bacteriophages Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. Phages,Bacteriophage,Phage
D012321 DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992). DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases,RNA Polymerases,Transcriptases,DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase,RNA Polymerase,Transcriptase,DNA Dependent RNA Polymerases,DNA Directed RNA Polymerase,DNA Directed RNA Polymerases,Polymerase, DNA-Directed RNA,Polymerase, RNA,Polymerases, DNA-Dependent RNA,Polymerases, DNA-Directed RNA,Polymerases, RNA,RNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed,RNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent,RNA Polymerases, DNA-Directed

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