We have studied the subcellular localization of peroxidase-labeled organelles after anterograde axonal transport by chick retinal ganglion cells that had been exposed 23-25 h earlier to wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). After intravitreal injection of WGA-HRP, we found in the optic tectum that 82% of labeled organelles were located within axons and axon terminals. The organelles included: tubules and cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, hypolemmal cisternae, vesicles, dense bodies and multivesticular bodies. We also measured the distances between the centers of the labeled organelles and the plasma membrane of these profiles. The density of organelles (number of organelles/micron 2) was plotted as a function of distance from the plasma membrane. Irrespective of the dose of lectin-peroxidase injected, labeled organelles were most densely concentrated in a 30 nm wide annular zone centered 75 nm in from the plasma membrane. In axon terminals the labeled organelles were most concentrated 75-90 nm in from the plasma membrane. Assuming that the peroxidase label indicates the presence of WGA-HRP, we conclude that after anterograde axonal transport the lectin accumulates in lysosomal organelles and elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, in contrast to the more restricted localization of [125I]WGA as inferred from electron microscopic autoradiography after uptake and transport by the same cell type, WGA-HRP-labeled organelles are found more diffusely within the axoplasm, particularly in axon terminals. Furthermore, peroxidase-labeled organelles in dendritic, glial or neuronal cell bodies in the tectum were seen less frequently than expected based on evidence of frequent transfer to second cells after intravitreal injections of [125I]WGA. Thus, we infer that at these concentrations WGA labeled with HRP may not be transferred intercellularly as efficiently as even lower concentrations of iodinated WGA are apparently transferred.