From January 1968 to July 1983, 38 patients with an intracardiac myxoma underwent surgical excision of the tumor at our Institution. There were 15 males and 23 females, ranging in age from 17 to 68 years (mean 47.7). In all but 2 patients, the presence of an intracardiac myxoma was documented preoperatively by angiographic and/or echocardiographic study. The first 2 patients of this series were referred with the diagnosis of mitral stenosis, and the myxoma was an unexpected surgical finding. In 32 cases (84.2%) the myxoma was located in the left atrium, in 4 (10.5%) in the right atrium and in 2 (5.3%) in the right ventricle. Surgery was performed on an emergency basis in 36 patients. Two patients (5.2%) both with a left atrial myxoma, died after surgery: one died intraoperatively of hemorrhage and the other after one month of bowel infarction. Follow-up of the 36 survivors ranges from 3 months to 14.5 years (average 5.2 yr); all were controlled by means of clinical and echocardiographic investigations, and no evidence of tumor recurrence was detected. Surgery for intracardiac myxoma, which should be undertaken on an emergency basis, carries a low operative risk; excision of the tumor appears to be curative with no recurrences at long-term follow-up; non-invasive tools are of the utmost importance in both the preoperative assessment and follow-up of these patients.