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The neurochemical specificity of physiological, biochemical, and psychological responses to dextroamphetamine was tested by pretreating volunteers with haloperidol (0.014 mg/kg IM), propranolol (0.1 mg/kg IV), thymoxamine (0.1 mg/kg IV), or placebo prior to 0.3 mg/kg IV amphetamine. Healthy volunteers (N = 12) participated in the studies, but not all volunteers received each drug combination. Haloperidol prevented dextroamphetamine-induced behavioral excitation, but did not significantly affect plasma norepinephrine or pressor responses, whereas propranolol inhibited norepinephrine and pressor responses without influencing excitation or other behavioral responses. Thymoxamine did not affect any of the responses measured. None of the agents significantly affected plasma cortisol or growth hormone responses. The prolactin rise following dextroamphetamine was potentiated by haloperidol. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that behavioral excitation after dextroamphetamine occurs through a dopaminergic mechanism, and pressor responses through a noradrenergic mechanism.
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
January 1986,
Clinical endocrinology,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
May 1991,
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
May 1981,
Clinical endocrinology,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
July 2017,
Human brain mapping,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
June 1989,
Clinical endocrinology,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
December 1987,
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
December 1988,
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
December 1997,
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
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N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
October 2011,
American journal of primatology,
J I Nurnberger, and
S Simmons-Alling, and
L Kessler, and
S Jimerson, and
J Schreiber, and
E Hollander, and
C A Tamminga, and
N S Nadi, and
D S Goldstein, and
E S Gershon
January 1988,
Brain research,
