Among the wide range of stomatitis and mucositis there are lesions, defined as primary cheilitis, affecting mainly the lips. Specific topographic and structural features of the involved area determine their appearance. The Authors revient contact-related cheilitis, actinic-related cheilitis, glandular and suppurative cheilitis, granulomatous and exfoliative cheilitis. They point out the principle clinical, etiopathogenetic and histopathologic features. From their overview it arises, that in modern literature, funy detailed contributions are definitively lacking. Symptomatic medical treatments are a clear reflection of many etiological doubis. Surgical therapy is advised only in chronic actinic-related cheilitis and in deep-rooted glandular cheilitis. In granulomatous cheilitis surgical treatment is indicated once a permanent lip deformity occurs.