Biomaterial Database

Comparative gene mapping: order of loci on the X chromosome is different in mice and humans. 1980

U Francke, and R T Taggart

For comparative studies we have used the somatic cell hybridization approach to regionally map genes on the mouse X chromosome. Fibroblasts from a mouse with the balanced reciprocal translocation T(XD;16B5)16H were fused with a Chinese hamster cell line (V79/380-6) deficient in activity of the enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Interpecific cell hybrids were initially selected for retention of the mouse translocation chromosome carrying the Hprt gene. Subsequently, hybrid clones were counterselected to force segregation of this chromosome. Selected and counterselected hybrid clones were analyzed for their chromosome content by trypsin/Giemsa banding and for expression of the mouse forms of the X-linked enzymes HPRT and alpha-galactosidase (GALA) by isoelectric focusing. The results indicate that the breakpoint on the mouse X chromosome (in band XD) has separated the genes for HPRT (Hprt) and for GALA (Ags). Hprt is proximal to the breakpoint in region Xcen-XD and Ags is distal in region XD-Xter. The gene order in the mouse (centromere-Hprt-Ags) is therefore inverted when compared to the order of the homologous loci on the long arm of the human X (centromere-GALA-HPRT).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007041	Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine, guanine, or MERCAPTOPURINE to the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is important in purine biosynthesis as well as central nervous system functions. Complete lack of enzyme activity is associated with the LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME, while partial deficiency results in overproduction of uric acid. EC 2.4.2.8.	Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase,HPRT,Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase,IMP Pyrophosphorylase,HGPRT,HPRTase,Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase,Phosphoribosyltransferase, Guanine,Phosphoribosyltransferase, Hypoxanthine,Phosphoribosyltransferase, Hypoxanthine-Guanine,Pyrophosphorylase, IMP
D007621	Karyotyping	Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.	Karyotype Analysis Methods,Analysis Method, Karyotype,Analysis Methods, Karyotype,Karyotype Analysis Method,Karyotypings,Method, Karyotype Analysis,Methods, Karyotype Analysis
D008040	Genetic Linkage	The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.	Genetic Linkage Analysis,Linkage, Genetic,Analyses, Genetic Linkage,Analysis, Genetic Linkage,Genetic Linkage Analyses,Linkage Analyses, Genetic,Linkage Analysis, Genetic
D008297	Male		Males
D002459	Cell Fusion	Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.	Cell Fusions,Fusion, Cell,Fusions, Cell
D002503	Centromere	The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.	Centromeres
D002871	Chromosome Banding	Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.	Banding, Chromosome,Bandings, Chromosome,Chromosome Bandings
D002874	Chromosome Mapping	Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.	Gene Mapping,Linkage Mapping,Genome Mapping,Chromosome Mappings,Gene Mappings,Genome Mappings,Linkage Mappings,Mapping, Chromosome,Mapping, Gene,Mapping, Genome,Mapping, Linkage,Mappings, Chromosome,Mappings, Gene,Mappings, Genome,Mappings, Linkage
D002877	Chromosomes, Human	Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.	Chromosome, Human,Human Chromosome,Human Chromosomes
D003412	Cricetulus	A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.	Hamsters, Armenian,Hamsters, Chinese,Hamsters, Grey,Armenian Hamster,Armenian Hamsters,Chinese Hamster,Chinese Hamsters,Grey Hamster,Grey Hamsters,Hamster, Armenian,Hamster, Chinese,Hamster, Grey