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In November, 1974, eight patients in three hospitals had pyrogen reactions associated with the infusion of 25% Normal Serum Albumin from the same lot. The reactions were recognized because the same physician or nurse observed several patients having recurrent reactions or because a single patient receiving several vials had consecutive reactions. The remaining albumin in three vials associated with reactions had apparent endotoxin concentrations of 4, 16, and 32 ng/ml and that 22 vials from recalled supplies had a median concentration of 4 ng/ml (range: 2 to 64) as determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate test, but the lot again passed the rabbit pyrogen test. In a prospective study to determine the efficacy of the Limulus test in quality control, patients had their temperatures taken hourly during albumin infusions and the remaining fluid was tested by the Limulus assay. The albumin in 443 of the 662 vials infused (65%) gave a positive test and 311 of these vials (45%) had apparent endotoxin concentrations of 4 to 64 ng/ml, but no patient had a reaction. Because of the limitations of both the rabbit pyrogen and Limulus test, the detection of some pyrogenic lots continues to depend on hospital surveillance and reporting os suspect reactions.
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
January 1995,
Journal of clinical apheresis,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
January 1993,
The Annals of pharmacotherapy,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
June 1978,
Biochimica et biophysica acta,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
January 2002,
ALTEX,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
March 1957,
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
June 2003,
Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
January 1988,
Chemical research in toxicology,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
January 1965,
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.),
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
April 2009,
The Journal of small animal practice,
A C Steere, and
M K Rifaat, and
E B Seligmann, and
H D Hochstein, and
G Friedland, and
P Dasse, and
K O Wustrack, and
K J Axnick, and
L F Barker
February 1958,
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.),
