Biomaterial Database

The effect of calcium and magnesium ions on calcium pyrophosphate crystal formation in aqueous solutions. 1981

P T Cheng, and K P Pritzker

Calcium pyrophosphate crystal formation has been associated clinically with hypercalcemic states (hyperparathyroidism) and hypomagnesemia. We studied aqueous solutions at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, [Na+] = 140 nM over a range of calcium chloride/magnesium chloride/sodium pyrophosphate concentrations to determine the effect of calcium and magnesium ions on crystal formation. We found that CPPD(T) and CPPD(M) could form under different ionic conditions. Low [Mg++] and [PPi] favoured CPPD(T) whereas higher [Mg++] and [PPi] favoured CPPD(M). At [Mg++] = 1.0 mM a calcium magnesium pyrophosphate crystal phase designated CMPP2 formed. As [Mg++] affects the crystal phase formed more than equimolar [Ca++], we conclude that ionic magnesium deficiency may be a clinically important determinant in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008274	Magnesium	A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D011756	Diphosphates	Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	Diphosphate,Pyrophosphate Analog,Pyrophosphates,Pyrophosphate Analogs,Analog, Pyrophosphate
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002131	Calcium Pyrophosphate	An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	Calcium Diphosphate,Calcium Pyrophosphate (1:1),Calcium Pyrophosphate (1:2),Calcium Pyrophosphate (2:1),Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate,Calcium Pyrophosphate, Monohydrate,Diphosphate, Calcium,Monohydrate Calcium Pyrophosphate,Pyrophosphate Dihydrate, Calcium,Pyrophosphate, Calcium,Pyrophosphate, Monohydrate Calcium
D002621	Chemistry	A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.
D003460	Crystallization	The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Crystalline Polymorphs,Polymorphism, Crystallization,Crystal Growth,Polymorphic Crystals,Crystal, Polymorphic,Crystalline Polymorph,Crystallization Polymorphism,Crystallization Polymorphisms,Crystals, Polymorphic,Growth, Crystal,Polymorph, Crystalline,Polymorphic Crystal,Polymorphisms, Crystallization,Polymorphs, Crystalline
D012996	Solutions	The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Solution
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014867	Water	A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Hydrogen Oxide
D055598	Chemical Phenomena	The composition, structure, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.	Chemical Concepts,Chemical Processes,Physical Chemistry Concepts,Physical Chemistry Processes,Physicochemical Concepts,Physicochemical Phenomena,Physicochemical Processes,Chemical Phenomenon,Chemical Process,Physical Chemistry Phenomena,Physical Chemistry Process,Physicochemical Phenomenon,Physicochemical Process,Chemical Concept,Chemistry Process, Physical,Chemistry Processes, Physical,Concept, Chemical,Concept, Physical Chemistry,Concept, Physicochemical,Concepts, Chemical,Concepts, Physical Chemistry,Concepts, Physicochemical,Phenomena, Chemical,Phenomena, Physical Chemistry,Phenomena, Physicochemical,Phenomenon, Chemical,Phenomenon, Physicochemical,Physical Chemistry Concept,Physicochemical Concept,Process, Chemical,Process, Physical Chemistry,Process, Physicochemical,Processes, Chemical,Processes, Physical Chemistry,Processes, Physicochemical