Anterior pituitaries of adrenalectomized and sham operated adult rats were dispersed by trypsin and cultured for 4 and 8 days. Adrenalectomy caused a moderate increase in number of corticotrophs in both zero-time cell suspensions and cultures. There was a pronounced elevation of immunoreactive ACTH content in both cells and media and an enhanced secretory response to stimulation of cultures with stalk-median eminence extract containing cortiocotropin releasing (CRF) activity. Some cells identified as corticotrophs by a specific immunostaining incorporated tritiated thymidine into their nuclei suggesting their ability to enter the cell cycle. The relatively smaller increase in number of ACTH cells and the considerably higher ACTH producing capacity of the corticotrophs after adrenalectomy seem to be inconsistent with the quantal response model of hormone secretion recently introduced by Rodbard.