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Nineteen cases from an epidemic of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men were studied by clinical, virologic, immunologic, and genetic methods. The patients were all male homosexuals ranging in age from 29 to 52 years, with histories of multiple sexually transmitted diseases and exposure to both prescription and recreational drugs. Sites of disease included skin (16 of 19 patients), lymph nodes (13 patients), gastrointestinal tract (12 patients), spleen (three patients), and lung (one patient). Most patients had elevated levels of serum immunoglobins, positive antibody titers to hepatitis A and B virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, and impairment of cell-mediated immunologic reactions. The frequency of HLA-DR5 in these patients was significantly elevated. Two of the 19 patients died. Although the precise cause of this epidemic is unknown, it is likely that a genetic predisposition, an acquired immunoregulatory defect, and one or more infectious agents and drugs may be involved.
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
October 1981,
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
October 1982,
Human pathology,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
March 1982,
JAMA,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
January 1982,
Cutis,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
January 1981,
The American Journal of dermatopathology,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
January 1990,
Lancet (London, England),
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
February 1982,
[Kango] Japanese journal of nursing,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
April 1982,
The New England journal of medicine,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
December 1981,
The New England journal of medicine,
A E Friedman-Kien, and
L J Laubenstein, and
P Rubinstein, and
E Buimovici-Klein, and
M Marmor, and
R Stahl, and
I Spigland, and
K S Kim, and
S Zolla-Pazner
January 1984,
American journal of clinical pathology,
